Original 1935 Plans for Washington Treaty Battleship Photo-Print/

Description

Excellent Original Condition.
Original 1935 Plans for Washington Treaty Battleship Photo-Print/
Original 1935 Plans for Washington Treaty Battleship Photo-Print/
Click image to enlarge
Description
All Original Advertisements and Photos from vintage Periodicals & Magazines.  From United States Naval Insitute Proceedings.
No Reproductions!
Approx Size:       6”x9”
Condition:           Excellent Original
Age:                    1935
Battleships
[
edit
]
The Washington and London Naval treaty limitations meant that fewer new battleships were launched in 1919–1939 than in 1905–1914 due to an imposed battleship construction holiday, which ended in 1933. They also inhibited development by imposing upper limits on the weights of ships. Designs like the projected British
N3-class
battleship, the first American
South Dakota
class
, and the Japanese
Kii
class
—all of which continued the trend to larger ships with bigger guns and thicker armor—never finished construction.
[25]
The
Japanese battleship
Mutsu
was laid down on 1 June 1918.
[26]
It was one of the largest battleships in the world at the time, and at the Washington Naval Conference, the United Kingdom and United States urged the abandonment of the project. However, it was allowed under the condition that the US and UK got two additional 16-inch gun ships. In 1920, Japan began building the
Amagi
and
Akagi
.
The next year, the
Kaga
and
Tosa
were launched with around a 39,900-ton displacement. Upon the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty,
Amagi
and
Tosa
were abandoned and
Kaga
and
Akagi
were converted to 30,000-ton aircraft carriers.
[15]
[27]
While a party to the treaty, Japan completely halted construction of battleships, instead focusing on battlecruisers. They embarked on an extensive cruiser building program, and began aggressively modernizing naval equipment.
[28]
After leaving the treaty in 1936, they planned to construct the
Yamato
class
, which would be the largest battleships in the world. Two were completed during
World War II
and a third was converted to an aircraft carrier.
[27]
The United States was allowed to keep three
Colorado-class battleships
that had been funded in the Naval Act of 1916 and a total of 500,360 tons of capital ships in the Washington Naval Treaty. Reduced naval spending by the
Republican Party
led to the navy remaining well below the maximum size specified in the treaty. Construction on several others was stopped, and the hull of the abandoned
USS
Washington
was used for testing resistance to bombs, torpedoes and gunfire. Technical development and research towards battleships was severely restricted. The
USS
Lexington
and
Saratoga
were originally designed as battlecruisers with 33,000 ton displacement, but were converted into aircraft carriers while under construction following passage of the treaty.
[29]
The United States decommissioned a total of sixteen existing battleships, and stopped construction on the six ships of the first
South Dakota
class. The United States modernized their fleet but did not build up to treaty limits.
[30]
The battleship holiday was extremely popular among the general public.
[31]
The ships of the
Nevada
class
had their gun elevations increased although the British argued it was a violation of the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty.
[32]
The Royal Navy scrapped or stopped construction on sixteen ships as a result of the Washington Naval Treaty.
HMS
Hood
(40,000 tons displacement) was exempted from the restrictions set by the treaty. After the signing of the treaty, as a result of compromise with Japan, two
Nelson
-class treaty battleships
were built,
HMS
Nelson
and
Rodney
, the only two built by the Royal Navy until 1936.
[15]
[28]
[33]
[32]
Their navy, while it remained the largest in the world until 1933, became increasingly out of date. Though the Royal Navy had the most battleships active at the outbreak of World War II, all but two dated back to World War I or earlier.
[34]
As a result of the battleship building holiday, the
Armstrong
and
Beardmore
shipyards were forced to close.
[31]
France and Italy did not embark on large naval expansion programs, though the
French battleship
Béarn
was converted to an aircraft carrier.
[28]
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